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How to tell The miller from Ivory funnel

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Ivory funnel(Clitocybe dealbata)

The short answer

The miller and Ivory funnel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but The miller is edible, while Ivory funnel is poisonous. The main visible difference: use: The miller — cook fresh, pickling, Ivory funnel — not eaten. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: substrate. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Ivory funnel (Clitocybe dealbata)

Ivory funnel

Clitocybe dealbata

PoisonousExpert-verified
The miller (Clitopilus prunulus) in hand in an oak wood: a wavy white cap, decurrent pinkish-cream gills and white stem

The miller

Clitopilus prunulus

EdibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Ivory funnel and The miller
⚠ Edibility class

Ivory funnel

Poisonous

The miller

Edible
Season

Ivory funnel

SummerAutumn

The miller

SummerAutumn
⚠ Use

Ivory funnel

Not eaten

The miller

Cook freshPickling
Size

Ivory funnel

Small (up to 5 cm)

The miller

Small (up to 5 cm)
Cap color

Ivory funnel

WhiteCream

The miller

WhiteCream
Cap shape

Ivory funnel

Funnel-shaped

The miller

Funnel-shaped
Cap surface

Ivory funnel

Smooth

The miller

Smooth
Taste

Ivory funnel

Mild

The miller

Mild
Smell

Ivory funnel

Floury

The miller

Floury
Flesh color change

Ivory funnel

No change

The miller

No change
Hymenophore

Ivory funnel

Gilled

The miller

Gilled
Stem

Ivory funnel

Central

The miller

Central
Ring (veil)

Ivory funnel

No ring

The miller

No ring
Volva

Ivory funnel

No volva

The miller

No volva
⚠ Substrate

Ivory funnel

Soil

The miller

SoilForest litter
Nutrition type

Ivory funnel

Saprotroph

The miller

Saprotroph
⚠ Partner trees

Ivory funnel

—

The miller

OakBeechHornbeamBirch

📅 Seasonality

Ivory funnel

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

The miller

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

June – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Ivory funnel

Cap 2-5 cm across, convex when young, becoming funnel-shaped over time, with a depressed center and a thin wavy margin. Color whitish, cream, with pale gray or ochre patches; silky-sheened in wet weather, chalky white when dry. Surface smooth, with barely visible radial streaks.

The miller

Cap 3-10 cm across; hemispherical in young mushrooms, later becoming convex-flat to funnel-shaped with a thin, wavy margin. Color white to cream, with a faint grayish-pink tint in old specimens. Surface smooth, dryish, slightly sticky in wet weather. The cap margin is thin.

Hymenophore

Ivory funnel

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, decurrent down the stem (a hallmark of the genus Clitocybe). Color whitish to cream. Spore print white.

The miller

Gilled hymenophore — the gills are running down the stem (decurrent), crowded, thin. In young mushrooms — whitish, with age they become pink from the ripened pink spores. Spore print PINK — it narrows things down to a few genera, but it doesn't separate the miller from the livid pinkgill, whose print is pink too. Most gilled mushrooms have a white or brown spore print — a pink one tells you it's either the miller or an Entoloma.

Stem

Ivory funnel

Stem 2-4 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, often curved. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. Surface smooth, no ring. Stem flesh firm.

The miller

Stem 3-7 cm tall, 0.7-1.5 cm thick, cylindrical, relatively short, often tapering toward the base. Color white to cream. Surface with fine lengthwise fibers. No ring and no volva.

Flesh

Ivory funnel

Flesh thin, white, watery, brittle. Does not change color when cut. It has a faint, pleasant smell (slightly sweet, or mealy according to some guides) and a mild taste — and that is what makes this species so treacherous: it smells and tastes "right", nothing sets off alarm bells.

The miller

Flesh firm, white, when cut it doesn't change color. Smell distinctly mealy — like raw dough or freshly milled grain — the most characteristic feature of the species.

Smell

Ivory funnel

Faint and indistinct, slightly sweet; some guides describe it as mealy. This adds to the danger: the smell raises no suspicion. Never rely on smell when identifying mushrooms of this size.

The miller

Distinctly mealy and pleasant, like raw dough or freshly milled grain (Russian sources call it "the smell of cucumber flour"). Fresh, not rancid — this sets it apart from the livid pinkgill, whose smell is also mealy, but with a sour or rancid note.

📍 Habitats

Ivory funnel

Deciduous forestMixed forest

The miller

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can The miller and Ivory funnel be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Ivory funnel is poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the use, substrate.
How to tell The miller from Ivory funnel?
The main differences: use: The miller — cook fresh, pickling, Ivory funnel — not eaten; substrate: The miller — soil, forest litter, Ivory funnel — soil. As for edibility: The miller is edible, Ivory funnel is poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — The miller or Ivory funnel?
More dangerous: Ivory funnel, which is poisonous. The miller is edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Ivory funnel edible?
Ivory funnel — poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do The miller and Ivory funnel grow?
The miller — June–October; Ivory funnel — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine