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How to tell Trooping funnel from Ivory funnel

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Ivory funnel(Clitocybe dealbata)

The short answer

Trooping funnel and Ivory funnel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Trooping funnel is edible, while Ivory funnel is poisonous. The main visible difference: season: Trooping funnel — autumn, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap color. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Ivory funnel (Clitocybe dealbata)

Ivory funnel

Clitocybe dealbata

PoisonousExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Trooping funnel and Ivory funnel
⚠ Edibility class

Trooping funnel

Edible

Ivory funnel

Poisonous
⚠ Season

Trooping funnel

Autumn

Ivory funnel

SummerAutumn
⚠ Use

Trooping funnel

Cook freshDryingPickling

Ivory funnel

Not eaten
⚠ Size

Trooping funnel

Large (over 15 cm)

Ivory funnel

Small (up to 5 cm)
⚠ Cap color

Trooping funnel

CreamOrangeBrown

Ivory funnel

WhiteCream
Cap shape

Trooping funnel

Funnel-shaped

Ivory funnel

Funnel-shaped
Cap surface

Trooping funnel

Smooth

Ivory funnel

Smooth
⚠ Taste

Trooping funnel

Sweet

Ivory funnel

Mild
⚠ Smell

Trooping funnel

Pleasant

Ivory funnel

Floury
Flesh color change

Trooping funnel

No change

Ivory funnel

No change
Hymenophore

Trooping funnel

Gilled

Ivory funnel

Gilled
Stem

Trooping funnel

Central

Ivory funnel

Central
Ring (veil)

Trooping funnel

No ring

Ivory funnel

No ring
Volva

Trooping funnel

No volva

Ivory funnel

No volva
⚠ Substrate

Trooping funnel

SoilForest litter

Ivory funnel

Soil
Nutrition type

Trooping funnel

Saprotroph

Ivory funnel

Saprotroph
⚠ Partner trees

Trooping funnel

OakBeechHornbeamHazel

Ivory funnel

—

📅 Seasonality

Trooping funnel

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

September – November

Ivory funnel

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Trooping funnel

The cap is very large: 8-20 cm across, convex with an inrolled margin in young mushrooms, later becoming funnel-shaped with a sunken center and a characteristic small brown bump in the central hollow. The color is pale ochre, creamy-reddish, darker in wet weather and lighter in dry weather. The surface is silky-matte and smooth; the margin is often wavy and slightly wrinkled.

Ivory funnel

Cap 2-5 cm across, convex when young, becoming funnel-shaped over time, with a depressed center and a thin wavy margin. Color whitish, cream, with pale gray or ochre patches; silky-sheened in wet weather, chalky white when dry. Surface smooth, with barely visible radial streaks.

Hymenophore

Trooping funnel

The underside has gills. The gills are crowded, thin, strongly decurrent down the stem. Whitish to cream, turning cream-ochre with age. The spore print is white to pale cream.

Ivory funnel

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, decurrent down the stem (a hallmark of the genus Clitocybe). Color whitish to cream. Spore print white.

Stem

Trooping funnel

The stem is sturdy: 5-15 cm tall, 2-4 cm thick, cylindrical or thickening toward the base, often with white mycelial fuzz at the bottom. Whitish to cream, matching the cap. The surface is smooth or has fine lengthwise fibers. No ring. The stem flesh is firm, hollow in old mushrooms.

Ivory funnel

Stem 2-4 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, often curved. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. Surface smooth, no ring. Stem flesh firm.

Flesh

Trooping funnel

The flesh is thick, white, firm and meaty. It doesn't change color when cut. It has a pleasant nutty-fruity taste. In old mushrooms it's slightly sourish.

Ivory funnel

Flesh thin, white, watery, brittle. Does not change color when cut. It has a faint, pleasant smell (slightly sweet, or mealy according to some guides) and a mild taste — and that is what makes this species so treacherous: it smells and tastes "right", nothing sets off alarm bells.

Smell

Trooping funnel

A distinct, pleasant mushroomy-nutty smell with a note of ripe apple. One of the most fragrant of the forest Clitocybe. The taste is delicate with a sweetish note.

Ivory funnel

Faint and indistinct, slightly sweet; some guides describe it as mealy. This adds to the danger: the smell raises no suspicion. Never rely on smell when identifying mushrooms of this size.

📍 Habitats

Trooping funnel

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Ivory funnel

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Trooping funnel and Ivory funnel be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Ivory funnel is poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the season, use, size.
How to tell Trooping funnel from Ivory funnel?
The main differences: season: Trooping funnel — autumn, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn; use: Trooping funnel — cook fresh, drying, pickling, Ivory funnel — not eaten; size: Trooping funnel — large (over 15 cm), Ivory funnel — small (up to 5 cm). As for edibility: Trooping funnel is edible, Ivory funnel is poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — Trooping funnel or Ivory funnel?
More dangerous: Ivory funnel, which is poisonous. Trooping funnel is edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Ivory funnel edible?
Ivory funnel — poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do Trooping funnel and Ivory funnel grow?
Trooping funnel — September–November; Ivory funnel — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine