How to tell Trooping funnel from Ivory funnel
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
Warning: Ivory funnel(Clitocybe dealbata)
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
Toxin: muscarine in high concentration. Symptoms begin 15-60 minutes after eating (fast). Classic muscarinic syndrome (PSL): profuse salivation (by the liter), sweating that soaks through clothing, tearing, runny nose, constricted pupils (miosis), bronchospasm with a feeling of suffocation, bradycardia down to 30-40 bpm, low blood pressure, intestinal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting. In severe cases — collapse, pulmonary edema, risk of cardiac arrest. The antidote is atropine (in hospital, under ECG monitoring). If you suspect poisoning — call 112 or your local emergency number immediately. Keep the mushroom remains and vomit. The prognosis is good with prompt treatment (1-2 hours); without help it is potentially dangerous.
If you suspect poisoning, call an ambulance immediately: 112 (the European emergency number) or your local emergency number
The short answer
Trooping funnel and Ivory funnel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Trooping funnel is edible, while Ivory funnel is poisonous. The main visible difference: season: Trooping funnel — autumn, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap color. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Trooping funnel
Infundibulicybe geotropa

Ivory funnel
Clitocybe dealbata
📊 Comparing characteristics
⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom
| Characteristic | Trooping funnel | Ivory funnel |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠ Edibility class | Trooping funnel Edible | Ivory funnel Poisonous |
| ⚠ Season | Trooping funnel Autumn | Ivory funnel SummerAutumn |
| ⚠ Use | Trooping funnel Cook freshDryingPickling | Ivory funnel Not eaten |
| ⚠ Size | Trooping funnel Large (over 15 cm) | Ivory funnel Small (up to 5 cm) |
| ⚠ Cap color | Trooping funnel CreamOrangeBrown | Ivory funnel WhiteCream |
| Cap shape | Trooping funnel Funnel-shaped | Ivory funnel Funnel-shaped |
| Cap surface | Trooping funnel Smooth | Ivory funnel Smooth |
| ⚠ Taste | Trooping funnel Sweet | Ivory funnel Mild |
| ⚠ Smell | Trooping funnel Pleasant | Ivory funnel Floury |
| Flesh color change | Trooping funnel No change | Ivory funnel No change |
| Hymenophore | Trooping funnel Gilled | Ivory funnel Gilled |
| Stem | Trooping funnel Central | Ivory funnel Central |
| Ring (veil) | Trooping funnel No ring | Ivory funnel No ring |
| Volva | Trooping funnel No volva | Ivory funnel No volva |
| ⚠ Substrate | Trooping funnel SoilForest litter | Ivory funnel Soil |
| Nutrition type | Trooping funnel Saprotroph | Ivory funnel Saprotroph |
| ⚠ Partner trees | Trooping funnel OakBeechHornbeamHazel | Ivory funnel — |
📅 Seasonality
Trooping funnel
Fruiting season
September – November
Ivory funnel
Fruiting season
August – November
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Trooping funnel
The cap is very large: 8-20 cm across, convex with an inrolled margin in young mushrooms, later becoming funnel-shaped with a sunken center and a characteristic small brown bump in the central hollow. The color is pale ochre, creamy-reddish, darker in wet weather and lighter in dry weather. The surface is silky-matte and smooth; the margin is often wavy and slightly wrinkled.
Ivory funnel
Cap 2-5 cm across, convex when young, becoming funnel-shaped over time, with a depressed center and a thin wavy margin. Color whitish, cream, with pale gray or ochre patches; silky-sheened in wet weather, chalky white when dry. Surface smooth, with barely visible radial streaks.
Hymenophore
Trooping funnel
The underside has gills. The gills are crowded, thin, strongly decurrent down the stem. Whitish to cream, turning cream-ochre with age. The spore print is white to pale cream.
Ivory funnel
Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, decurrent down the stem (a hallmark of the genus Clitocybe). Color whitish to cream. Spore print white.
Stem
Trooping funnel
The stem is sturdy: 5-15 cm tall, 2-4 cm thick, cylindrical or thickening toward the base, often with white mycelial fuzz at the bottom. Whitish to cream, matching the cap. The surface is smooth or has fine lengthwise fibers. No ring. The stem flesh is firm, hollow in old mushrooms.
Ivory funnel
Stem 2-4 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, often curved. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. Surface smooth, no ring. Stem flesh firm.
Flesh
Trooping funnel
The flesh is thick, white, firm and meaty. It doesn't change color when cut. It has a pleasant nutty-fruity taste. In old mushrooms it's slightly sourish.
Ivory funnel
Flesh thin, white, watery, brittle. Does not change color when cut. It has a faint, pleasant smell (slightly sweet, or mealy according to some guides) and a mild taste — and that is what makes this species so treacherous: it smells and tastes "right", nothing sets off alarm bells.
Smell
Trooping funnel
A distinct, pleasant mushroomy-nutty smell with a note of ripe apple. One of the most fragrant of the forest Clitocybe. The taste is delicate with a sweetish note.
Ivory funnel
Faint and indistinct, slightly sweet; some guides describe it as mealy. This adds to the danger: the smell raises no suspicion. Never rely on smell when identifying mushrooms of this size.
📍 Habitats
Trooping funnel
Ivory funnel
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
❓ Frequently asked questions
Can Trooping funnel and Ivory funnel be mixed up?
How to tell Trooping funnel from Ivory funnel?
Which is more dangerous — Trooping funnel or Ivory funnel?
Is Ivory funnel edible?
When do Trooping funnel and Ivory funnel grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine