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Gypsy mushroom or Horse mushroom

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Gypsy mushroom and Horse mushroom are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: use: Gypsy mushroom — cook fresh, drying, pickling, salting, Horse mushroom — cook fresh, drying, pickling. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: size, cap color, cap surface.

Gypsy mushroom (Cortinarius caperatus)

Gypsy mushroom

Cortinarius caperatus

EdibleExpert-verified
Horse mushroom (Agaricus arvensis)

Horse mushroom

Agaricus arvensis

EdibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Gypsy mushroom and Horse mushroom
Edibility class

Gypsy mushroom

Edible

Horse mushroom

Edible
Season

Gypsy mushroom

SummerAutumn

Horse mushroom

SummerAutumn
Use

Gypsy mushroom

Cook freshDryingPicklingSalting

Horse mushroom

Cook freshDryingPickling
Size

Gypsy mushroom

Medium (5–15 cm)

Horse mushroom

Large (over 15 cm)
Cap color

Gypsy mushroom

YellowOrangeBrown

Horse mushroom

WhiteCream
Cap shape

Gypsy mushroom

Convex

Horse mushroom

Convex
Cap surface

Gypsy mushroom

Cracked

Horse mushroom

Smooth
Taste

Gypsy mushroom

Mild

Horse mushroom

Mild
Smell

Gypsy mushroom

Pleasant

Horse mushroom

PleasantAniseAlmond
Flesh color change

Gypsy mushroom

No change

Horse mushroom

Yellowing
Hymenophore

Gypsy mushroom

Gilled

Horse mushroom

Gilled
Stem

Gypsy mushroom

Central

Horse mushroom

Central
Ring (veil)

Gypsy mushroom

Ring present

Horse mushroom

Ring present
Volva

Gypsy mushroom

No volva

Horse mushroom

No volva
Substrate

Gypsy mushroom

SoilMoss

Horse mushroom

SoilDung
Nutrition type

Gypsy mushroom

Mycorrhizal

Horse mushroom

Saprotroph
Partner trees

Gypsy mushroom

SprucePineFirBirchBeech

Horse mushroom

—

📅 Seasonality

Gypsy mushroom

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – October

Horse mushroom

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

June – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Gypsy mushroom

The cap is 4-10 cm across, egg-shaped or hemispherical in young mushrooms, becoming convex and spread out with a broad umbo in the center. The color is ochre-yellow, egg-yolk colored, parchment-yellow, with a characteristic violet-grayish floury bloom in young mushrooms (especially in the center of the cap) — this silvery-violet crust often rubs off with age. The surface is radially wrinkled, as if crumpled. The skin is thin.

Horse mushroom

Cap 6-20 cm across; in young mushrooms firmly hemispherical to egg-shaped, the margin often rolled under. Later it becomes convex to flat. Color pure white to cream, with subtle yellowish tints in old mushrooms; spots yellow to ocher when touched. Surface smooth, slightly sticky in wet weather, dry and matte in dry weather. Sometimes with fine fibrous scales in the center.

Hymenophore

Gypsy mushroom

Gilled hymenophore. The gills are fairly crowded, notched where they meet the stem. In young mushrooms they are cream, clay-ochre in mature ones, turning rusty brown with age (because of the spore color). The spore print is rusty brown — typical of the genus Cortinarius. In young mushrooms the gills are covered by a thin cobweb-like veil (the cortina) — the main feature of the genus Cortinarius.

Horse mushroom

Gilled hymenophore — gills free, crowded. When young — grayish-white, with a pinkish tinge, becoming with age dark brown, chocolate-blackish. Spore print dark brown.

Stem

Gypsy mushroom

The stem is 6-12 cm tall, 1-2 cm thick, cylindrical or slightly thickened toward the base. White to cream, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. It has a simple membranous ring in the upper part — a remnant of the partial veil. This ring is a diagnostic feature of the species that sets it apart from other Cortinarius.

Horse mushroom

Stem 6-12 cm tall, 1.5-3 cm thick, thick, fleshy, cylindrical, slightly thickened at the base. Color white to cream. On the upper part — a large membranous double ring with a characteristic "toothed" lower edge (like a cogwheel) — a diagnostic feature of the species.

Flesh

Gypsy mushroom

The flesh is firm, white, meaty. It does not change color when cut. It has a pleasant mushroomy aroma and a delicate nutty taste.

Horse mushroom

Flesh firm, meaty, white; when cut it slowly yellows in the flesh of the cap and upper stem. Does not redden (unlike A. silvaticus). The smell is a distinct anise-almond — a characteristic feature of the species.

Smell

Gypsy mushroom

Pleasantly mushroomy, with a note of fresh nuts. The taste is mild and delicate. One of the finest aromas among forest mushrooms of the genus Cortinarius.

Horse mushroom

Distinctly anise-almond, fruity — the most characteristic diagnostic sign. It comes out when you rub the flesh between your fingers. This smell is one of the most pleasant mushroom experiences in field foraging.

📍 Habitats

Gypsy mushroom

Conifer forestMixed forestDeciduous forest

Horse mushroom

Deciduous forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Gypsy mushroom and Horse mushroom be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The use, size, cap color help tell them apart.
How to tell Gypsy mushroom from Horse mushroom?
The main differences: use: Gypsy mushroom — cook fresh, drying, pickling, salting, Horse mushroom — cook fresh, drying, pickling; size: Gypsy mushroom — medium (5–15 cm), Horse mushroom — large (over 15 cm); cap color: Gypsy mushroom — yellow, orange, brown, Horse mushroom — white, cream. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Horse mushroom edible?
Horse mushroom — edible.
When do Gypsy mushroom and Horse mushroom grow?
Gypsy mushroom — August–October; Horse mushroom — June–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine