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How to tell St George's mushroom from Ivory funnel

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Ivory funnel(Clitocybe dealbata)

The short answer

St George's mushroom and Ivory funnel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but St George's mushroom is edible, while Ivory funnel is poisonous. The main visible difference: season: St George's mushroom — spring, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap shape. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Ivory funnel (Clitocybe dealbata)

Ivory funnel

Clitocybe dealbata

PoisonousExpert-verified
St George's mushroom (Calocybe gambosa)

St George's mushroom

Calocybe gambosa

EdibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Ivory funnel and St George's mushroom
⚠ Edibility class

Ivory funnel

Poisonous

St George's mushroom

Edible
⚠ Season

Ivory funnel

SummerAutumn

St George's mushroom

Spring
⚠ Use

Ivory funnel

Not eaten

St George's mushroom

Cook freshDryingPickling
⚠ Size

Ivory funnel

Small (up to 5 cm)

St George's mushroom

Large (over 15 cm)
Cap color

Ivory funnel

WhiteCream

St George's mushroom

WhiteCream
⚠ Cap shape

Ivory funnel

Funnel-shaped

St George's mushroom

Convex
Cap surface

Ivory funnel

Smooth

St George's mushroom

Smooth
Taste

Ivory funnel

Mild

St George's mushroom

Mild
Smell

Ivory funnel

Floury

St George's mushroom

Floury
Flesh color change

Ivory funnel

No change

St George's mushroom

No change
Hymenophore

Ivory funnel

Gilled

St George's mushroom

Gilled
Stem

Ivory funnel

Central

St George's mushroom

Central
Ring (veil)

Ivory funnel

No ring

St George's mushroom

No ring
Volva

Ivory funnel

No volva

St George's mushroom

No volva
Substrate

Ivory funnel

Soil

St George's mushroom

Soil
Nutrition type

Ivory funnel

Saprotroph

St George's mushroom

Saprotroph

📅 Seasonality

Ivory funnel

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

St George's mushroom

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

April – June

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Ivory funnel

Cap 2-5 cm across, convex when young, becoming funnel-shaped over time, with a depressed center and a thin wavy margin. Color whitish, cream, with pale gray or ochre patches; silky-sheened in wet weather, chalky white when dry. Surface smooth, with barely visible radial streaks.

St George's mushroom

The cap is 5-15 cm across (large, fleshy); when young it is hemispherical with an inrolled margin, with age becoming flat-convex, and in old specimens flat and spread out with a wavy margin. The skin is smooth, dry and matte in wet weather, with a fine felty fibrousness. Color: creamy white, ochre-cream, with a faint brownish tint at the center; in old specimens creamy ochre. The margin is even — inrolled when young, wavy and irregular when old.

Hymenophore

Ivory funnel

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, decurrent down the stem (a hallmark of the genus Clitocybe). Color whitish to cream. Spore print white.

St George's mushroom

Lamellate hymenophore: the gills are notched (emarginate) at the stem, very crowded, thin, fleshy. Color: pure white to creamy white, with no pink or green tint — a diagnostic feature (it sets the mushroom apart from the poisonous Entoloma sinuatum, whose gills turn pink). Spore print white.

Stem

Ivory funnel

Stem 2-4 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, often curved. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. Surface smooth, no ring. Stem flesh firm.

St George's mushroom

The stem is 3-7 cm tall, 1.5-3 cm thick — much shorter and thicker than the cap is wide (hence gambosa — "short-legged"). Cylindrical, thickening toward the base, firm, fleshy. Color: white to creamy white. Surface: smooth, with fine lengthwise fibers in the lower part. No ring.

Flesh

Ivory funnel

Flesh thin, white, watery, brittle. Does not change color when cut. It has a faint, pleasant smell (slightly sweet, or mealy according to some guides) and a mild taste — and that is what makes this species so treacherous: it smells and tastes "right", nothing sets off alarm bells.

St George's mushroom

The flesh is very firm, fleshy, pure white. It does not change color when cut. Smell: distinctly mealy, sharp and characteristic (like freshly milled flour or dough); taste sweetish and nutty, with no bitterness.

Smell

Ivory funnel

Faint and indistinct, slightly sweet; some guides describe it as mealy. This adds to the danger: the smell raises no suspicion. Never rely on smell when identifying mushrooms of this size.

St George's mushroom

Distinctly mealy, like freshly milled flour or raw dough — a diagnostic feature, easy to notice on a cut surface.

📍 Habitats

Ivory funnel

Deciduous forestMixed forest

St George's mushroom

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can St George's mushroom and Ivory funnel be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Ivory funnel is poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the season, use, size.
How to tell St George's mushroom from Ivory funnel?
The main differences: season: St George's mushroom — spring, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn; use: St George's mushroom — cook fresh, drying, pickling, Ivory funnel — not eaten; size: St George's mushroom — large (over 15 cm), Ivory funnel — small (up to 5 cm). As for edibility: St George's mushroom is edible, Ivory funnel is poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — St George's mushroom or Ivory funnel?
More dangerous: Ivory funnel, which is poisonous. St George's mushroom is edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Ivory funnel edible?
Ivory funnel — poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do St George's mushroom and Ivory funnel grow?
St George's mushroom — April–June; Ivory funnel — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine