How to tell St George's mushroom from Ivory funnel
How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison
Warning: Ivory funnel(Clitocybe dealbata)
POISONOUS
Eating it causes poisoning. Do not pick it unless you have identified it with certainty.
Toxin: muscarine in high concentration. Symptoms begin 15-60 minutes after eating (fast). Classic muscarinic syndrome (PSL): profuse salivation (by the liter), sweating that soaks through clothing, tearing, runny nose, constricted pupils (miosis), bronchospasm with a feeling of suffocation, bradycardia down to 30-40 bpm, low blood pressure, intestinal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting. In severe cases — collapse, pulmonary edema, risk of cardiac arrest. The antidote is atropine (in hospital, under ECG monitoring). If you suspect poisoning — call 112 or your local emergency number immediately. Keep the mushroom remains and vomit. The prognosis is good with prompt treatment (1-2 hours); without help it is potentially dangerous.
If you suspect poisoning, call an ambulance immediately: 112 (the European emergency number) or your local emergency number
The short answer
St George's mushroom and Ivory funnel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but St George's mushroom is edible, while Ivory funnel is poisonous. The main visible difference: season: St George's mushroom — spring, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap shape. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Ivory funnel
Clitocybe dealbata

St George's mushroom
Calocybe gambosa
📊 Comparing characteristics
⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom
| Characteristic | Ivory funnel | St George's mushroom |
|---|---|---|
| ⚠ Edibility class | Ivory funnel Poisonous | St George's mushroom Edible |
| ⚠ Season | Ivory funnel SummerAutumn | St George's mushroom Spring |
| ⚠ Use | Ivory funnel Not eaten | St George's mushroom Cook freshDryingPickling |
| ⚠ Size | Ivory funnel Small (up to 5 cm) | St George's mushroom Large (over 15 cm) |
| Cap color | Ivory funnel WhiteCream | St George's mushroom WhiteCream |
| ⚠ Cap shape | Ivory funnel Funnel-shaped | St George's mushroom Convex |
| Cap surface | Ivory funnel Smooth | St George's mushroom Smooth |
| Taste | Ivory funnel Mild | St George's mushroom Mild |
| Smell | Ivory funnel Floury | St George's mushroom Floury |
| Flesh color change | Ivory funnel No change | St George's mushroom No change |
| Hymenophore | Ivory funnel Gilled | St George's mushroom Gilled |
| Stem | Ivory funnel Central | St George's mushroom Central |
| Ring (veil) | Ivory funnel No ring | St George's mushroom No ring |
| Volva | Ivory funnel No volva | St George's mushroom No volva |
| Substrate | Ivory funnel Soil | St George's mushroom Soil |
| Nutrition type | Ivory funnel Saprotroph | St George's mushroom Saprotroph |
📅 Seasonality
Ivory funnel
Fruiting season
August – November
St George's mushroom
Fruiting season
April – June
🔬 Morphology
Cap
Ivory funnel
Cap 2-5 cm across, convex when young, becoming funnel-shaped over time, with a depressed center and a thin wavy margin. Color whitish, cream, with pale gray or ochre patches; silky-sheened in wet weather, chalky white when dry. Surface smooth, with barely visible radial streaks.
St George's mushroom
The cap is 5-15 cm across (large, fleshy); when young it is hemispherical with an inrolled margin, with age becoming flat-convex, and in old specimens flat and spread out with a wavy margin. The skin is smooth, dry and matte in wet weather, with a fine felty fibrousness. Color: creamy white, ochre-cream, with a faint brownish tint at the center; in old specimens creamy ochre. The margin is even — inrolled when young, wavy and irregular when old.
Hymenophore
Ivory funnel
Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, decurrent down the stem (a hallmark of the genus Clitocybe). Color whitish to cream. Spore print white.
St George's mushroom
Lamellate hymenophore: the gills are notched (emarginate) at the stem, very crowded, thin, fleshy. Color: pure white to creamy white, with no pink or green tint — a diagnostic feature (it sets the mushroom apart from the poisonous Entoloma sinuatum, whose gills turn pink). Spore print white.
Stem
Ivory funnel
Stem 2-4 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, often curved. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. Surface smooth, no ring. Stem flesh firm.
St George's mushroom
The stem is 3-7 cm tall, 1.5-3 cm thick — much shorter and thicker than the cap is wide (hence gambosa — "short-legged"). Cylindrical, thickening toward the base, firm, fleshy. Color: white to creamy white. Surface: smooth, with fine lengthwise fibers in the lower part. No ring.
Flesh
Ivory funnel
Flesh thin, white, watery, brittle. Does not change color when cut. It has a faint, pleasant smell (slightly sweet, or mealy according to some guides) and a mild taste — and that is what makes this species so treacherous: it smells and tastes "right", nothing sets off alarm bells.
St George's mushroom
The flesh is very firm, fleshy, pure white. It does not change color when cut. Smell: distinctly mealy, sharp and characteristic (like freshly milled flour or dough); taste sweetish and nutty, with no bitterness.
Smell
Ivory funnel
Faint and indistinct, slightly sweet; some guides describe it as mealy. This adds to the danger: the smell raises no suspicion. Never rely on smell when identifying mushrooms of this size.
St George's mushroom
Distinctly mealy, like freshly milled flour or raw dough — a diagnostic feature, easy to notice on a cut surface.
📍 Habitats
Ivory funnel
St George's mushroom
👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!
Fairy ring champignon
EdibleSt George's mushroom
EdibleFool's funnel
PoisonousField mushroom
EdibleFrosty funnel
PoisonousSnowy waxcap
EdibleAniseed funnel
EdibleTrooping funnel
EdibleClouded funnel
Conditionally edibleThe miller
EdibleLivid pinkgill
PoisonousSplit fibrecap
PoisonousDeadly fibrecap
Deadly poisonousShield pinkgill
Conditionally edibleIvory funnel
Poisonous❓ Frequently asked questions
Can St George's mushroom and Ivory funnel be mixed up?
How to tell St George's mushroom from Ivory funnel?
Which is more dangerous — St George's mushroom or Ivory funnel?
Is Ivory funnel edible?
When do St George's mushroom and Ivory funnel grow?
Sources
- [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
- [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
- [3]MycoBank Database
- [4]Index Fungorum
- [5]GBIF
- [6]iNaturalist Ukraine