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How to tell Clouded funnel from Ivory funnel

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Ivory funnel(Clitocybe dealbata)

The short answer

Clouded funnel and Ivory funnel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Clouded funnel is conditionally edible, while Ivory funnel is poisonous. The main visible difference: season: Clouded funnel — autumn, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap color. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Clouded funnel (Clitocybe nebularis)

Clouded funnel

Clitocybe nebularis

Conditionally edibleExpert-verified
Ivory funnel (Clitocybe dealbata)

Ivory funnel

Clitocybe dealbata

PoisonousExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Clouded funnel and Ivory funnel
⚠ Edibility class

Clouded funnel

Conditionally edible

Ivory funnel

Poisonous
⚠ Season

Clouded funnel

Autumn

Ivory funnel

SummerAutumn
⚠ Use

Clouded funnel

Cook freshPickling

Ivory funnel

Not eaten
⚠ Size

Clouded funnel

Large (over 15 cm)

Ivory funnel

Small (up to 5 cm)
⚠ Cap color

Clouded funnel

GreyBrown

Ivory funnel

WhiteCream
⚠ Cap shape

Clouded funnel

Convex

Ivory funnel

Funnel-shaped
Cap surface

Clouded funnel

Smooth

Ivory funnel

Smooth
Taste

Clouded funnel

Mild

Ivory funnel

Mild
Smell

Clouded funnel

Floury

Ivory funnel

Floury
Flesh color change

Clouded funnel

No change

Ivory funnel

No change
Hymenophore

Clouded funnel

Gilled

Ivory funnel

Gilled
Stem

Clouded funnel

Central

Ivory funnel

Central
Ring (veil)

Clouded funnel

No ring

Ivory funnel

No ring
Volva

Clouded funnel

No volva

Ivory funnel

No volva
⚠ Substrate

Clouded funnel

SoilForest litter

Ivory funnel

Soil
Nutrition type

Clouded funnel

Saprotroph

Ivory funnel

Saprotroph
⚠ Partner trees

Clouded funnel

OakBeechSpruceBirch

Ivory funnel

—

📅 Seasonality

Clouded funnel

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

October – November

Ivory funnel

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Clouded funnel

The cap is large: 8-20 cm across, hemispherical to convex in young mushrooms, with an inrolled margin, later flattening out with a small bump in the center. The color is smoky gray, mouse-gray, darker in wet weather and lighter in dry weather. The surface is silky-matte, with a thin whitish bloom (as if dusted with flour). The cap margin is often wavy and curled downward.

Ivory funnel

Cap 2-5 cm across, convex when young, becoming funnel-shaped over time, with a depressed center and a thin wavy margin. Color whitish, cream, with pale gray or ochre patches; silky-sheened in wet weather, chalky white when dry. Surface smooth, with barely visible radial streaks.

Hymenophore

Clouded funnel

The underside has gills. The gills are crowded, thin, decurrent down the stem. Whitish to cream, turning cream-ochre with age. The spore print is white to pale cream. The gills detach easily from the cap — a characteristic feature of the genus.

Ivory funnel

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, decurrent down the stem (a hallmark of the genus Clitocybe). Color whitish to cream. Spore print white.

Stem

Clouded funnel

The stem is sturdy: 5-10 cm tall, 2-4 cm thick, cylindrical or thickening toward the base. White to dirty grayish-cream. The surface is lengthwise fibrous, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. No ring. The stem flesh is firm, becoming hollow with age.

Ivory funnel

Stem 2-4 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, often curved. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. Surface smooth, no ring. Stem flesh firm.

Flesh

Clouded funnel

The flesh is thick and white, firm in young mushrooms and looser in old ones. It doesn't change color when cut. It has a distinct mealy smell and a mild taste.

Ivory funnel

Flesh thin, white, watery, brittle. Does not change color when cut. It has a faint, pleasant smell (slightly sweet, or mealy according to some guides) and a mild taste — and that is what makes this species so treacherous: it smells and tastes "right", nothing sets off alarm bells.

Smell

Clouded funnel

Strongly mealy, with a hint of cucumber — typical of the species. In old mushrooms it's sourish and unpleasant. The smell is so distinctive that it's used as a diagnostic feature for identification in the field.

Ivory funnel

Faint and indistinct, slightly sweet; some guides describe it as mealy. This adds to the danger: the smell raises no suspicion. Never rely on smell when identifying mushrooms of this size.

📍 Habitats

Clouded funnel

Deciduous forestConifer forestMixed forest

Ivory funnel

Deciduous forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Clouded funnel and Ivory funnel be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Ivory funnel is poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the season, use, size.
How to tell Clouded funnel from Ivory funnel?
The main differences: season: Clouded funnel — autumn, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn; use: Clouded funnel — cook fresh, pickling, Ivory funnel — not eaten; size: Clouded funnel — large (over 15 cm), Ivory funnel — small (up to 5 cm). As for edibility: Clouded funnel is conditionally edible, Ivory funnel is poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — Clouded funnel or Ivory funnel?
More dangerous: Ivory funnel, which is poisonous. Clouded funnel is conditionally edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Ivory funnel edible?
Ivory funnel — poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do Clouded funnel and Ivory funnel grow?
Clouded funnel — October–November; Ivory funnel — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine