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How to tell Ivory woodwax from Destroying angel

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Destroying angel(Amanita virosa)

The short answer

Ivory woodwax and Destroying angel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Ivory woodwax is edible, while Destroying angel is deadly poisonous. The main visible difference: season: Ivory woodwax — autumn, Destroying angel — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, cap surface, taste. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Ivory woodwax (Hygrophorus eburneus)

Ivory woodwax

Hygrophorus eburneus

EdibleExpert-verified
Destroying angel (Amanita virosa)

Destroying angel

Amanita virosa

Deadly poisonousExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Ivory woodwax and Destroying angel
⚠ Edibility class

Ivory woodwax

Edible

Destroying angel

Deadly poisonous
⚠ Season

Ivory woodwax

Autumn

Destroying angel

SummerAutumn
⚠ Use

Ivory woodwax

Cook freshPicklingSalting

Destroying angel

Not eaten
Size

Ivory woodwax

Medium (5–15 cm)

Destroying angel

Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap color

Ivory woodwax

WhiteCream

Destroying angel

WhiteCream
Cap shape

Ivory woodwax

Convex

Destroying angel

Convex
⚠ Cap surface

Ivory woodwax

Slimy

Destroying angel

Smooth
⚠ Taste

Ivory woodwax

Mild

Destroying angel

Unknown
⚠ Smell

Ivory woodwax

Odorless

Destroying angel

Chemical
Flesh color change

Ivory woodwax

No change

Destroying angel

No change
Hymenophore

Ivory woodwax

Gilled

Destroying angel

Gilled
⚠ Stem

Ivory woodwax

Central

Destroying angel

Bulbous
⚠ Ring (veil)

Ivory woodwax

No ring

Destroying angel

Ring present
⚠ Volva

Ivory woodwax

No volva

Destroying angel

Volva present
Substrate

Ivory woodwax

Soil

Destroying angel

Soil
Nutrition type

Ivory woodwax

Mycorrhizal

Destroying angel

Mycorrhizal
⚠ Partner trees

Ivory woodwax

BeechOakHornbeam

Destroying angel

SprucePineBirch

📅 Seasonality

Ivory woodwax

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

September – October

Destroying angel

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

July – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Ivory woodwax

Cap 4-8 cm (young ones 4-5 cm), hemispherical at first, then convex-flattened with a small umbo. White or creamy white, with a faint yellowish tint, especially at the center. The surface is moist AND slimy in wet weather — a thick layer of clear slime. In dry weather it dries out and becomes smooth.

Destroying angel

Cap 5-12 cm across, hemispherical to egg-shaped in young mushrooms, becoming convex to flat with age. Color entirely white, creamy white, slightly yellowish in the center in old specimens. Surface smooth, slightly sticky in wet weather. No scales, no warts, no veil on the mature cap (unlike the fly agaric or Caesar's mushroom).

Hymenophore

Ivory woodwax

Gilled hymenophore. The gills are widely spaced, thick, and decurrent (a typical feature of the genus). White at first, taking on a cream tint with age. Spore print white.

Destroying angel

Gilled hymenophore — gills white, free (not attached to the stem), moderately crowded. Spore print white. As in the rest of Amanita section Phalloideae, to which this species belongs, the gills are always white and free, even in mature specimens — unlike those of Agaricus.

Stem

Ivory woodwax

Stem up to 10 cm tall, 0.5-1.5 cm thick, cylindrical or tapering toward the base. White; the surface is slimy in wet weather, with a white mealy coating at the top. Hollow inside. No ring.

Destroying angel

Stem 8-15 cm tall, 1-2 cm thick, cylindrical, long, slender, with a sac-like volva at the base (a remnant of the universal veil that looks like an eggshell). Color entirely white. In the upper part — a white membranous ring; firm in young specimens, may disappear in old ones. The stem surface often has thin white flaky scales and fibers.

Flesh

Ivory woodwax

The flesh is white, firm in young mushrooms, becoming watery with age. Does not change color when cut. A faint, unremarkable mushroomy taste.

Destroying angel

Flesh firm, entirely white. It does not change color when cut (unlike, for example, Agaricus mushrooms, which turn pink and darken). The smell gradually becomes unpleasant, with a hint of stale potato or chlorine — hence the epithet "stinking" in its Ukrainian name. In young mushrooms the smell is still faint, so don't rely on it as the only sign.

Smell

Ivory woodwax

Faint mushroomy smell, mildly pleasant. Some sources describe a hint of almond or resin. Taste bland, mild.

Destroying angel

Faint and unpleasant, with a hint of old potato, chlorine or fish — especially in old specimens and when the flesh is damaged. Not diagnostic for safety: the smell develops only after some time, and a young mushroom with no distinct smell can still end up in the basket and cause fatal poisoning.

📍 Habitats

Ivory woodwax

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Destroying angel

Conifer forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Ivory woodwax and Destroying angel be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Destroying angel is deadly poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the season, use, cap surface.
How to tell Ivory woodwax from Destroying angel?
The main differences: season: Ivory woodwax — autumn, Destroying angel — summer, autumn; use: Ivory woodwax — cook fresh, pickling, salting, Destroying angel — not eaten; cap surface: Ivory woodwax — slimy, Destroying angel — smooth. As for edibility: Ivory woodwax is edible, Destroying angel is deadly poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — Ivory woodwax or Destroying angel?
More dangerous: Destroying angel, which is deadly poisonous. Ivory woodwax is edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Destroying angel edible?
Destroying angel — deadly poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do Ivory woodwax and Destroying angel grow?
Ivory woodwax — September–October; Destroying angel — July–October.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine