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Slippery jack or Copper spike

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

The short answer

Slippery jack and Copper spike are similar species that can be mixed up while foraging. The main visible difference: season: Slippery jack — spring, summer, autumn, Copper spike — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, cap color, cap shape.

Slippery jack (Suillus luteus)

Slippery jack

Suillus luteus

EdibleExpert-verified
Copper spike (Chroogomphus rutilus)

Copper spike

Chroogomphus rutilus

EdibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

Comparison of characteristics: Slippery jack and Copper spike
Edibility class

Slippery jack

Edible

Copper spike

Edible
Season

Slippery jack

SpringSummerAutumn

Copper spike

SummerAutumn
Use

Slippery jack

CulinaryPicklingDryingFreezing

Copper spike

Cook freshPickling
Size

Slippery jack

Medium (5–15 cm)

Copper spike

Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap color

Slippery jack

BrownChestnut

Copper spike

BrownOrangeRedViolet
Cap shape

Slippery jack

ConvexFlat

Copper spike

Convex
Cap surface

Slippery jack

Slimy

Copper spike

Slimy
Taste

Slippery jack

Mild

Copper spike

Mild
Smell

Slippery jack

Pleasant, mushroomy

Copper spike

Pleasant
Flesh color change

Slippery jack

No change

Copper spike

Darkens
Hymenophore

Slippery jack

Pored

Copper spike

Gilled
Stem

Slippery jack

CentralSolid

Copper spike

Central
Ring (veil)

Slippery jack

Ring present

Copper spike

Ring remnants
Volva

Slippery jack

No volva

Copper spike

No volva
Substrate

Slippery jack

SoilConifer needle litter

Copper spike

Soil
Nutrition type

Slippery jack

Mycorrhizal

Copper spike

Mycorrhizal
Partner trees

Slippery jack

Pine

Copper spike

Pine

📅 Seasonality

Slippery jack

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

May – October

Copper spike

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Slippery jack

Cap 4–12 cm across, convex in young mushrooms, later flattened-convex. The surface is covered with a thick layer of slime — especially in wet weather. Color chocolate-brown or chestnut, yellowish brown when dry. The margin often bears remnants of the partial veil.

Copper spike

Cap 4-10 cm across; hemispherical with an inrolled margin when young, later convex with a low central bump. Color coppery reddish brown, brick-colored, with a violet-wine tint, darker and richer when young, fading to brownish ochre with age. Surface slightly slimy in wet weather, dry in dry weather; the skin peels off.

Hymenophore

Slippery jack

The hymenophore has tubes. Pores yellow, small, regular, turning yellow-green with age. The tubes are attached to the stem or run slightly down it. When pressed, the pores turn slightly brownish.

Copper spike

Gilled hymenophore; gills decurrent, distant, waxy, thick. In young mushrooms yellowish to ochre, later darkening to gray-violet-black because of the dark spore print. Spore print dark brown to black. Decurrent gills plus darkening are the diagnostic features of the genus Chroogomphus / Gomphidius.

Stem

Slippery jack

Stem 5–10 cm tall, 1–2 cm thick, solid, cylindrical. Yellow and granular in the upper part, brown or violet-brownish below the ring. A characteristic purple-brown membranous ring — a remnant of the partial veil and one of the key diagnostic features of the species.

Copper spike

Stem 5-10 cm tall, 1-2 cm thick, thick, fleshy, tapering to a point at the bottom (narrowed at the base). Color yellow-ochre in the upper part, coppery red lower down, matching the cap. Surface with fine lengthwise fibers. A ring zone from the veil in the upper part, faint; may disappear in old mushrooms.

Flesh

Slippery jack

Flesh yellowish or pale cream, firm in young mushrooms, softer in mature ones. Turns slightly pink when cut or stays unchanged. The taste is mild, pleasant, slightly sourish. The cap skin peels off easily together with the slime.

Copper spike

Flesh fleshy, yellow-ochre in the cap, coppery red in the lower stem. When cut it darkens to violet or wine-red: this is a normal reaction of the species, not a sign of poison. Smell faint, pleasantly mushroomy.

Smell

Slippery jack

Smell pleasant, unobtrusively mushroomy, slightly resinous — reflecting its symbiosis with pine. With cooking the aroma intensifies and becomes more pronounced. No foreign unpleasant notes.

Copper spike

Faint, pleasantly mushroomy, with no distinctive notes.

📍 Habitats

Slippery jack

Conifer forestMixed forest

Copper spike

Conifer forestMixed forest

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Slippery jack and Copper spike be mixed up?
Yes, they look so similar that people often mix them up. The season, use, cap color help tell them apart.
How to tell Slippery jack from Copper spike?
The main differences: season: Slippery jack — spring, summer, autumn, Copper spike — summer, autumn; use: Slippery jack — culinary, pickling, drying, freezing, Copper spike — cook fresh, pickling; cap color: Slippery jack — brown, chestnut, Copper spike — brown, orange, red, violet. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Is Copper spike edible?
Copper spike — edible.
When do Slippery jack and Copper spike grow?
Slippery jack — May–October; Copper spike — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [2]GBIF
  • [3]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [4]MycoBank Database
  • [5]Index Fungorum
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine