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How to tell Field mushroom from Ivory funnel

How they differ, how to recognize them and which is more dangerous — a mushroom comparison

Warning: Ivory funnel(Clitocybe dealbata)

The short answer

Field mushroom and Ivory funnel look alike, so they're easy to mix up — but Field mushroom is edible, while Ivory funnel is poisonous. The main visible difference: season: Field mushroom — spring, summer, autumn, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn. The mushrooms also differ in the following features: use, size, cap shape. If you have even the slightest doubt, leave the mushroom be.

Ivory funnel (Clitocybe dealbata)

Ivory funnel

Clitocybe dealbata

PoisonousExpert-verified
Field mushroom (Agaricus campestris)

Field mushroom

Agaricus campestris

EdibleExpert-verified

📊 Comparing characteristics

⚠ Highlighted rows are the key differences between the edible and the dangerous mushroom

Comparison of characteristics: Ivory funnel and Field mushroom
⚠ Edibility class

Ivory funnel

Poisonous

Field mushroom

Edible
⚠ Season

Ivory funnel

SummerAutumn

Field mushroom

SpringSummerAutumn
⚠ Use

Ivory funnel

Not eaten

Field mushroom

CulinaryCook freshFreezing
⚠ Size

Ivory funnel

Small (up to 5 cm)

Field mushroom

Medium (5–15 cm)
Cap color

Ivory funnel

WhiteCream

Field mushroom

WhiteCream
⚠ Cap shape

Ivory funnel

Funnel-shaped

Field mushroom

ConvexFlat
⚠ Cap surface

Ivory funnel

Smooth

Field mushroom

DrySmooth
⚠ Taste

Ivory funnel

Mild

Field mushroom

Mild
⚠ Smell

Ivory funnel

Floury

Field mushroom

Pleasant, mushroomyAnise
⚠ Flesh color change

Ivory funnel

No change

Field mushroom

Reddening
Hymenophore

Ivory funnel

Gilled

Field mushroom

Gilled
⚠ Stem

Ivory funnel

Central

Field mushroom

CentralSolid
⚠ Ring (veil)

Ivory funnel

No ring

Field mushroom

Ring present
Volva

Ivory funnel

No volva

Field mushroom

No volva
Substrate

Ivory funnel

Soil

Field mushroom

Soil
Nutrition type

Ivory funnel

Saprotroph

Field mushroom

Saprotroph

📅 Seasonality

Ivory funnel

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

August – November

Field mushroom

Fruiting season

Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec

May – October

🔬 Morphology

Cap

Ivory funnel

Cap 2-5 cm across, convex when young, becoming funnel-shaped over time, with a depressed center and a thin wavy margin. Color whitish, cream, with pale gray or ochre patches; silky-sheened in wet weather, chalky white when dry. Surface smooth, with barely visible radial streaks.

Field mushroom

Cap 5–15 cm across, spherical in young mushrooms, then flat or slightly umbonate. The surface is white or slightly creamy and cracks in dry weather. Fibrous scales may appear as it matures. The margin is inrolled at first, then straight.

Hymenophore

Ivory funnel

Gilled hymenophore. Gills crowded, thin, decurrent down the stem (a hallmark of the genus Clitocybe). Color whitish to cream. Spore print white.

Field mushroom

Gills free (not reaching the stem), crowded, delicate pink at first, then bright pink, and chocolate-brown or blackish in mature mushrooms. The pink color of the gills is a key safety feature that distinguishes the field mushroom from poisonous species with white gills.

Stem

Ivory funnel

Stem 2-4 cm tall, 0.3-0.8 cm thick, slender, cylindrical, often curved. Color whitish to cream, with white mycelial fuzz at the base. Surface smooth, no ring. Stem flesh firm.

Field mushroom

Stem 4–8 cm tall, 1–2 cm thick, cylindrical, solid, straight. White in color. A characteristic firm membranous ring in the middle of the stem. No volva.

Flesh

Ivory funnel

Flesh thin, white, watery, brittle. Does not change color when cut. It has a faint, pleasant smell (slightly sweet, or mealy according to some guides) and a mild taste — and that is what makes this species so treacherous: it smells and tastes "right", nothing sets off alarm bells.

Field mushroom

Flesh firm, white, turns slightly pink when cut or stays unchanged. It does not turn yellow (yellowing is a sign of poisonous species). The taste is pleasant and richly mushroomy.

Smell

Ivory funnel

Faint and indistinct, slightly sweet; some guides describe it as mealy. This adds to the danger: the smell raises no suspicion. Never rely on smell when identifying mushrooms of this size.

Field mushroom

Smell pronounced, anise-almond with mushroomy notes. This is one of the most aromatic wild mushrooms. With cooking the aroma intensifies and can dominate the dish.

📍 Habitats

Ivory funnel

Deciduous forestMixed forest

Field mushroom

MeadowField

👀 Similar mushrooms — don't mix them up!

❓ Frequently asked questions

Can Field mushroom and Ivory funnel be mixed up?
Yes. These species look alike, and Ivory funnel is poisonous, so a mistake is dangerous. Pay attention to the season, use, size.
How to tell Field mushroom from Ivory funnel?
The main differences: season: Field mushroom — spring, summer, autumn, Ivory funnel — summer, autumn; use: Field mushroom — culinary, cook fresh, freezing, Ivory funnel — not eaten; size: Field mushroom — medium (5–15 cm), Ivory funnel — small (up to 5 cm). As for edibility: Field mushroom is edible, Ivory funnel is poisonous. The full table of characteristics is higher up on this page.
Which is more dangerous — Field mushroom or Ivory funnel?
More dangerous: Ivory funnel, which is poisonous. Field mushroom is edible. If you have even the slightest doubt, don't pick the mushroom.
Is Ivory funnel edible?
Ivory funnel — poisonous. It must not be picked or eaten.
When do Field mushroom and Ivory funnel grow?
Field mushroom — May–October; Ivory funnel — August–November.

Sources

  • [1]Вікіпедія (українська)
  • [2]Атлас грибів України, Зеров Д.К. (1979)
  • [3]MycoBank Database
  • [4]Index Fungorum
  • [5]GBIF
  • [6]iNaturalist Ukraine